通过普拉迪普戴夫
编者按： Pradip Dave 是 AIMCO Pesticides 的资深董事长兼 印度农药制造商和制剂厂商协会 (PMFAI)
美国取消普惠制福利 这是一个不幸的决定，因为化学部门，包括农用化学品以及基础和加工农业食品部门，都将受到影响。印度农药行业的出口也将受到影响，因为涉及一些仿制药。
预计退出将影响印度总价值$63.5亿美元的出口总额，据报道，约有3,000项产品将受到影响。其他主要受该决定影响的行业包括制药、塑料、皮革制品和珠宝。印度出口商每年将损失价值 $1.91 亿美元的净收益。
This will affect U.S. farmers who will be deprived of crop protection chemicals at competitive rates, which India is exporting. These include chlorpyrifos and 2, 4-D, which has become more widely used due to problems with glyphosate. Keeping in view the trade dispute between the U.S. and China, India is capable of supplying the required chemicals at an affordable price. The decision by the U.S. goes against farmers’ interests, while the world faces food security challenges to feed a growing population. It adds a new challenge that will lead to a deficit in food production.
India is still a developing country. Demands by the U.S. for intellectual property rights, alongside protection and localization, are the MNC’s agendas in both pharma and agrichemicals, which they wish to push so that India’s generic market is killed. India is also exporting agrichemicals at an affordable price. Data protection that the U.S. is demanding is not viable, as it leads to evergreening of the patent. These products are well covered by patent law which is also applicable in India, so such demands are not practical. Further, such patented products are valued at an exorbitant prices for Indian farmers, who are already facing challenges such as climate change, untimely rains, and crop failure.
Further, data protection demands are for the products which are launched the world over, but introduced in India for the first time after 15 to 20 years. This is one of the reason that the exporters from U.S. — mainly MNCs — are not registering their technical-grade products in India, but importing ready-made formulations. The lame reason given by importers that the cost of R&D is very high and hence protection is required does not hold true, as these products are introduced in India decades after the fact.
However, under GSP, India receives an annual benefit of merely $191 million on 1,784 out of 3,000 products. The Indian government has suggested alternatives, but the U.S. did not accept. Sometime back, the Indian government reduced a 10% import duty on luxury Harley Davidson motorcycles that are made in the U.S., and had to do so for all imported motorcycles from other countries. The U.S. government feels the duty reduction on motorcycles is negligible and wanted a further reduction. The repercussion of it is that they revoked the GSP program, without thinking of U.S. farmers’ interests and food security.
一些出口到美国的仿制药也将受到影响，因此印度农药行业的出口可能会受到影响，因为普惠制优惠3%或以上，出口商将难以消化损失。
To tide the situation, we understand that the government of India is looking at ways to support the affected sectors as it is tasked with supporting its local manufacturers. India’s industry keenly awaits the decision from the government.
请记住，目前只有印度可以供应部分受影响的产品，无论普惠制计划如何，对口进口商仍有希望继续进口这些产品。与制药和钻石不同，农用化学品不会受到很大程度的影响。然而，情况将与普惠制之前不同。
印度政府不太可能立即采取任何措施来应对这一行动，因为根据政府消息来源，在宏观层面上，影响微乎其微，因为该计划每年为出口商带来的净利润仅为 $1.91 亿。