印度作物保护市场的发展
本文将概述印度作物保护市场的发展,分析当前形势以及预计影响未来五年市场发展的关键未来趋势。
市场价值是 AgbioInvestor 对农业年度内地面使用的作物保护产品价值的估计,以出厂价的 US$ 术语表示。“2023”是指大约 2022 年 10 月至 2023 年 9 月期间地面使用的产品价值。
市场展望
2023 年,印度作物保护市场下降了 8.5%。尽管这一下降是在 2022 年大幅上涨之后出现的,当时市场受到极高的农用化学品价格以及该国种植者有利的气候和经济条件的提振。2023 年的市场受到不太有利条件的影响,库存积压和高度多变的天气条件阻碍了市场发展。
然而,在 2018 年至 2023 年的五年间,印度作物保护市场的价值以年均 5.4% 的速度增长,远高于该时间段内的行业平均水平。近年来,印度市场的增长得益于对国产作物的需求不断增长、政府对农业的支持增加以及经济增长。这导致产品使用强度增加,越来越多的农民能够负担得起作物保护投入。然而,就目前而言,印度使用作物保护投入品处理的作物面积仍然非常有限,落后于其他领先的作物保护国家市场。下图突出显示了印度与其他亚洲国家在种植面积和作物保护产品使用方面的差异:
图表显示,就水稻而言,虽然印度的种植面积最大,但在该地区的主要作物保护市场中,只有泰国和巴基斯坦的每公顷作物平均花费较低。在谷物方面,印度的种植面积也是最高的,但每公顷的支出却低于亚洲所有其他主要作物保护市场。
下表显示,如果每公顷的支出与中国相当,印度市场可以释放的价值潜力:
*如果印度每公顷作物保护产品的支出与中国相同水平,那么市场价值将大幅增加。
显然,随着印度种植者的技术水平越来越高,并如预期的那样越来越多地使用农作物保护产品,仅仅通过对更多作物进行处理和/或使用多次喷药对更多区域进行最大化施药,就具有巨大的价值潜力。这还可以提高产量,并可能为印度种植者释放出巨大的潜力,使其能够生产出更多的可出口盈余产品,从而造福该国的农业经济和整体经济。
The Indian crop protection market has a well-developed local manufacturing base, with many technical material manufacturers supplying export markets and local formulators. A number of companies produce formulated products from their own technical material, primarily intended for the local market, although a number of companies have been targeting increased exports of higher value formulated material.
The development of a strong manufacturing base can be linked to historical tariffs on imports, while a number of initiatives have also been put in place to make manufacturing in India more attractive. The low-cost base and relatively high quality and technification of Indian manufacturers has made it attractive for inward investment, with a number of foreign companies setting up manufacturing and distribution deals, with particular interest from Japan.
改进的知识产权立法鼓励引进专有技术,也有望为市场带来价值,1995 年之后获得专利的任何产品都会获得额外保护,即公司必须获得注册持有人的制造许可。这为新产品的推出创造了积极的环境,并有助于缓解对旧化学品的某些抵制问题。
虽然低成本商品长期以来一直是印度农作物保护的支柱,但未来几年产品选择将变得更加有限。2020 年,政府发布了一项法令草案,即《2020 年杀虫剂禁令》,禁止进口、制造、销售、运输、分销和使用 27 种农药:乙酰甲胺磷、莠去津、丙硫克百威、丁草胺、克菌丹、克百威、毒死蜱、2,4-D、溴氰菊酯、三氯杀螨醇、乐果、硝苯菌酯、敌草隆、马拉硫磷、代森锰锌、灭多威、乙氧氟草醚、二甲戊灵、喹硫磷和磺酰磺隆。后来又附加了附录,允许生产这 27 种农药用于出口。还发布了针对杀菌剂三环唑和杀虫剂噻嗪酮的类似法令草案。
此外,旁遮普邦政府下令立即禁止销售和使用九种农用化学品,旨在保护稻米的质量。该禁令禁止订购、销售、储存、分发和使用乙酰甲胺磷、三唑磷、噻虫嗪、多菌灵、三环唑、噻嗪酮、克百威、丙环唑和甲基硫菌灵。这些举措可能会加速作物保护行业采用更新、价格更高的原药,从而有利于整体价值。
Foodgrain production in India is forecast to fall in the 2023/24 season. Within this, kharif (summer-sown) foodgrain production is projected to decline by 1% to 154.187 million tonnes, while rabi (winter-sown) foodgrain production is forecast to fall by 1.7% to 155.161 million tonnes. Total rice output is expected to decline by 8.8% in the 2023/24 season, amounting to 123.815 million tonnes and representing the first production fall in 8 years. However, the country’s wheat output is expected to increase by 1.3% to reach 112.019 million tonnes. In efforts to break a deadlock with protesting farmers, the Indian government has offered guaranteed support prices for pulse, maize and cotton crops.
The government has reportedly proposed five-year contracts for a minimum support price to farmers who diversify their crops to grow pigeon peas, black gram, red lentils and maize, while a similar price guarantee is understood to be suggested for growers of cotton.
As a result of the above factors, the value of the Indian crop protection market is anticipated to expand at an average annual rate of 4.9% p.a. between 2023 and 2028 to reach $4,082 million. This level of growth places the country ahead of the industry average, cementing India’s position as a developing market, with considerable scope with the market still some way from maximizing its potential, based on the coverage of crop type and crop areas which can be cultivated in the country.