| 2005 年顶级后专利公司 （以 US$ 百万计） |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 秩 | 公司 | 2005 销售量 |
2004 销售量 |
生长 | |||
| 1 | Makhteshim-Agan 工业公司 | 1,543 | 1,358 | 13.6% | |||
| 2 | 纽发姆 | 1,189 | 1,170 | 1.6% | |||
| 3 | 切米诺娃 | 596 | 601 | (0.8%) | |||
| 4 | 摄像头 | 375 | 348 | 7.8% | |||
| 5 | 联合磷业有限公司 | 333 | 265 | 25.7% | |||
| 6 | 高文 | 233 | 208 | 12% | |||
| 7 | AMVAC | 189.9 | 151 | 25.7% | |||
| 8 | 阿塔诺尔 | 165 | 160 | 3.1% | |||
| 9 | 拉利斯 | 120 | 133 | 10.8% | |||
| 10 | 诗浓 | 122 | 134 | (9%) | |||
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Note: Companies identified as “post-patent” derive the majority of their sales from products developed by another company, rather than internally. Being included on this list is not meant to imply that any companies sell only off-patent products. |
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专利后农化市场在整个 2005 年继续其合理化进程，顶级专利后公司通过产品和公司收购获得收益。持续不断的中间层合并的最终结果是，到 2005 年底，前 10 大仿制药公司的销售额增长了 8.1%（见图表，第 14 页）。这明显高于 2% 的增长根据研究公司 Phillips McDougall 的数据，整个市场。
虽然收购在这些公司的增长中占很大比重，但与整个市场中的专利化学药品相比，仿制药的销售额更高。自 1995 年以来，Phillips McDougall 估计仿制药在全球作物保护市场的份额从占行业总销售额的 18.9% 上升到 26.5%。
在过去三年中，这种增长与重大战略收购相结合，为一流的后专利公司带来了丰厚的回报。 2002-2005 年期间，销售额增长前六名的公司中有五家是后专利公司，包括前四名（联合磷业有限公司., 纽发姆, Makhteshim Agan 工业公司，和 切米诺娃; 摄像头 是第六）。这些公司中的每家公司的增长率都是行业平均水平 7.4% 的两倍（或更多）。
成长的挑战
虽然这些公司的成功是显而易见的，但未来的道路可能并非如此，因为后专利公司和持续增长之间仍然存在几项重大挑战。
其中最重要的是美国、欧盟和日本等主要市场的重新注册工作，所有这些市场都淘汰了旧化学品，以推广更新、更柔软的化学品。随着更多的重新注册举措的实施，这些市场正在被引导远离一些专利后产品。
In addition, 2006 has shown what can happen when market forces in key regions underperform. With sales lukewarm (at best) in key areas of South America (most notably in Brazil and Argentina) as well as in Asia (primarily in China and India), many post-patent companies struggled to keep business coming in. As these areas are among the world’s largest markets for post-patent products, only the more diversified, globalized post-patent companies had continued success this year.
And as always, post-patent companies also have the specter of shrinking margins to deal with. Price wars and value loss for post-patent products are extremely intense, particularly in markets that are relatively easy to access. In South America, for instance, there is very little value left in glyphosate – although several companies are exploring different ways to enhance their glyphosate products in order to differentiate from competition and restore some lost value to the product. On the whole, however, post-patent companies have needed to stay limber and move with the market, and to be ready to make changes when necessary to stay at the forefront of the constantly-changing agricultural market.
新三巨头
领先的后专利公司在其增长战略中继续非常积极，通过收购产品和公司来建立销售并创造规模经济，使他们能够在提供的产品以及地区和作物方面实现多元化服务。
虽然采取了一些重要举措，但以下三个公司处于领先地位，如果不进行任何重大重组，它们将成为 2007 年前三名的后专利公司。
1. Makhteshim Agan 工业公司 (MAI), 以色列
麦 2005 年再次领跑所有专利后生产商，销售额为 $15.4 亿美元。虽然 2006 年的报告反映了整个农用化学品市场的低迷（最近的数据显示第三季度的利润结果比 2005 年第三季度的结果低近 50%），但该公司已经取得了一些重要的收益。美国的销售额增长了近 23%，欧盟的销售额增长了近 14%，这导致整体销售额略有增长，但巴西市场疲软和原材料成本上涨导致利润下降。
进入这些市场之一， 麦 made two moves to further solidify its position in East Europe. Agrovita, a Czech Republic-based distribution company, was purchased by one of MAI’s wholly owned subsidiaries. In addition, 麦 recently established its own distribution company in Russia. Along with the 2005 purchase of the Hungarian distributor Biomark, these efforts extend the company’s presence even more deeply into the growing East European ag markets.
其他动作由 麦 包括 2006 年收购总部位于意大利的 Kollant 和收购总部位于美国的公司 Alligare 的 30% 股份。这些加入了 2005 年收购荷兰 Mabeno 的 49% 股份和美国 Control Solutions 的 60% 股份（高于 2004 年的 40%）。
2. 纽发姆， 澳大利亚
纽发姆，第二个十亿美元的后专利公司，在 2005 年的销售额达到美国 $11.9 亿美元。像几家顶尖的后专利公司一样， 纽发姆 was busy on the acquisition front – but the pattern followed by 纽发姆 was more like the strategies of the Big 6 multinationals than Nufarm’s post-patent peers, as Nufarm’s moves involved becoming more active in seed and biotechnology.
在四月份， 纽发姆 通过收购两家种子公司扩大业务。澳大利亚领先的油菜籽生产和营销公司 Dovuro Seeds 和专业油菜籽育种公司 Nutrihealth Pty. Ltd. 均被收购 纽发姆. These moves helped pave the way for Nufarm’s September acquisition from Monsanto of a license to develop and commercialize Roundup Ready (glyphosate resistant) canola in Australia. The combination of the license for Roundup Ready canola and the seed companies that will speed up the introduction of the variety puts 纽发姆 处于有利地位，可以抓住澳大利亚的生物技术机遇。
除了种子和澳大利亚， 纽发姆 also made a move in South America with the purchase of Colombia-based Agroquimicos Genericos (Agrogen). The company also purchased the rights to BASF’s imazamethabenz outside of Europe.
3. 联合磷业有限公司 (UPL)，印度
联合磷业有限公司（UPL）， 2005 年的总销售额为 $3.33 亿美元，采取了非常有力的增长方式，并在 2006 年取得了长足的进步。
在 2006 年底的短短三个月内， UPL 收购了两个主要产品和一家大型作物保护公司，帮助该公司从 2005 年排名第五的专利后农化公司跃升为全球第三大公司。
9月，公司宣布收购 杜邦作物保护’s bensulfuron-methyl business, giving UPL 水稻和水生除草剂的全球权利。然后在 11 月不到三周的时间里， UPL bought Dow AgroSciences’ propanil business, adding to its rice portfolio with the selective post-emergence non-residual rice herbicide, and also acquired crop protection company Cerexagri from the French firm Arkema.
Cerexagri, which has a solid footprint in fungicides and post-harvest products for fruits and vegetables, significantly expands UPL’s business in these areas, and leaves UPL’s portfolio without any serious gaps. Through the acquisition, UPL also took control of Cerexagri’s strong distribution in the US and the EU, which account for 80% of its sales. It was the Cerexagri purchase that pushed UPL into the third position among generic crop protection companies.
In total, UPL’s growth strategy included six key purchases in 2006 as of November. Along with bensulfuron-methyl, propanil, and Cerexagri, the company also acquired seed company Advanta BV, African ag-chem firm Cropserve, and products from Bayer CropScience.
所有这些都伴随着忙碌的 2005 年，也见证了 UPL make several important moves. That year’s acquisitions included the Spanish agrochemical company Cequisa, the Argentinian company Reposo, and Indian company SWAL Corp.