进入印度生物制品市场
While India is not Brazil as far as biological adoption, the country shows promising growth. With biocontrol and biostimulants growing at an average of 15% per annum over the past five years as reported by AgbioInvestor, the potential for expansion is there.
Mark Trimmer, President and Founding Partner for DunhamTrimmer, believes the country could be the next Brazil if certain requirements were met.
“The one country we always focus on and point to is Brazil, because it is where all the growth is happening,” says Trimmer. “I think India has the same potential opportunity if the government policy programs support the development of the market and help with the education of growers and users. I think there can be a huge market potential in the Indian subcontinent.”
目前,AgbioInvestor 报告称,印度是生物防治(2022 年为7千万美元)和生物刺激素(2022 年为1.3亿美元)的第七大市场。DunhamTrimmer 报告称,不同生物制品类别的采用率不同。
“植物产品在生物农药领域占据主导地位,其中以印楝为基础的产品最为突出。有几家公司正在开发一些创新的微生物解决方案,因此这是未来的增长领域。需要更多关于如何成功使用微生物产品的技术培训,”Trimmer 说道。“生物刺激素产品已经很成熟,种植者对这些产品及其使用方法的认识也更高。其中许多产品也为分销渠道提供了良好的利润机会。”
Kamlesh Punjabi, Senior Director, Southeast Asia region and India for Kynetec公司 agrees with Trimmer.
“If you look by type analysis, the market is segregated into biofertilizers, biopesticides/biocontrol, and biostimulants. It is the biostimulants segment that accounts for a higher usage owing to increased product adoption for improving soil health,” says Punjabi. “If you want to understand by the mode of application method, it is clearly the foliar spray (versus soil treatment, seed treatment, others) that will hold major share as it promotes easier application of biologicals on the crops.”
虽然将新产品引入印度生物制品市场需要克服各种挑战,但如果找到解决方法,企业就能找到机会。以下五个挑战可能为您的企业打开利基市场。
1. Fragmented Farming
AgbioInvestor 高级分析师 Lawrence Middler 表示,在印度推出产品的最大挑战之一是“该国 9300 万农户中,80% 都是拥有土地不足两公顷的小农户”。
这意味着公司需要投入大量资金与农产品零售商和种植者建立关系,找出他们的痛点并建立信任。然而,鉴于该国的规模,这并非易事。
“整个印度次大陆面积巨大,”特里默说。“如果你考虑一下整个国家,那么现在在作物保护方面,你至少要与 1,000 家零售商打交道。幸运的是,很少有生物制剂需要接触到每一家零售商。如果你的公司只针对特定地区的特定特种作物,那么这个数字可能会下降到不到 100 家零售商。但这仍然比制造商在美国、巴西或欧盟习惯打交道的数量要多得多。”
这也意味着,如果公司的产品保质期较短或需要冷链储存,配送物流可能会很困难。此外,山区还存在安全问题和运输问题。
“如果你的生物制品需要冷藏等特殊处理,那么在印度市场将极具挑战性,”特里默说。“这在任何市场都具有挑战性,但当你将冷藏与非常分散的分销渠道结合起来时,需要数百家零售商建立冷链来处理你的产品,这根本行不通。你必须拥有一种你知道可以适应种植者正常做法的产品。”
Opportunity: Create products with extended shelf life.
“Companies must make substantial investments to enhance the range, stability, controlled usage, and shelf-life of their biological products,” says Punjabi. “The R&D process is usually longer for the biologicals. However, the resulting products can have a profound impact to enhance farm productivity and achieve environmental sustainability. It will also have a positive impact on the grower’s return of investment (ROI) to further encourage the shift toward these natural solutions, marking a significant trend of a higher adoption rate.”
2. 种植者的采用
和世界上许多地区一样,印度种植者习惯使用速效合成作物保护产品。需要做很多工作来说服种植者相信生物制剂的功效、不同的预防应用流程以及财务投资。
“Though effective, some biological solutions don’t provide the fast response that growers are used to and it will take a change in mindset for growers to measure their expectations of the response rate,” says Punjabi. “This aspect originates from a basic point of the lack of biologicals awareness among the Indian growers whose expectations are more guided by what they get from the chemicals.”
印度政府在区级建立了 729 个农业科学中心 (KVK),为种植者提供种子品种、作物保护产品和农业技术方面的教育。
“印度一直在进步,”特里默说。“他们启动了一项以生物制剂为重点的国家可持续农业支持计划。农业科学中心肯定参与了这些产品的测试和展示。这一点至关重要,因为种植者已经习惯了使用化学药剂的杀虫效果。使用生物制剂是预防性的,需要不同的思维方式和方法来控制害虫。这就是为什么教育真的变得至关重要。”
Other Government of India initiatives to encourage growers to use biologicals are through schemes via Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY) and Mission Organic Value Chain Development for Northeastern Region (MOVCDNER).
Punjabi 表示:“生物肥料和生物农药也通过综合养分管理 (INM) 和综合病虫害管理 (IPM) 得到推广,并成为印度农业研究理事会 (ICAR) 和州立农业大学制定的一系列实践的组成部分。KVK 还对农民进行 INM 和 IPM 实践培训,以推广使用生物肥料和生物农药。所有这些计划都将使公司受益,提高种植者的意识并了解生物产品的各种属性。”
非政府组织和农用化学品公司还提供额外的农学服务,包括在线教程和其他支持。
“There are telephone advice services where growers can consult advisors on issues in their production,” says Middler.“This is in part facilitated by moderate to high smart phone penetration even in a developing nation such as India. This can also allow basic digital ag applications to be employed to assist with pest identification and product recommendations. All of these factors can help with the decision-making process to use biopesticide and biostimulant products.”
Opportunity: Enter the market as a trusted partner. Create or partner with educational programs for ag retailers and growers.
Middler说:“与当地合作伙伴合作,传达产品的优势,同时获得对应对田间挑战和表现的反馈。”
Trimmer 认同需要努力了解客户的需求。
“进入市场的首要关键是了解最终用户。对于印度的小土地所有者来说,这可能只是一些简单的事情,例如包装大小或如何交付产品,”Trimmer说。“你的产品是否易于他们使用他们现有的设备?你的产品是否适合他们的需求?所有这些细节都可以消除障碍,让你更好地进入这个市场。”
3. 农业投入品的投入量减少
印度农药制造商和制剂协会(PMFAI)在一份新闻稿中表示,印度是世界上农药消费量最低的国家之一,农药消费量为每公顷 0.65 克,而全球平均水平为每公顷 3 公斤。
Middler说:“与较发达的市场相比,印度的种植集约化程度要低得多,印度每公顷作物保护投入通常仅为全球平均水平的四分之一,约为巴西的 10%,约为中国的 5%。”
Opportunity: While there is a dependence on the products being used, there is a window for entry.
Middler说:“进一步实现生产技术化,使其更接近特定作物的理论产量潜力。”